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PREPOSITIONS WITH BOTH ACCUSATIVE & DATIVE

Gayathri Elumalai
10/08/2023 0 0

Prepositions With Both Accusative & Dative

The German Prepositions that take both the accusative and the dative cases are:

              [in, an, auf, vor, hinten, über, unten, neben, zwischen]

Since these prepositions alternately take the accusative and the dative case, they are also known as “Wechselpräpositionen”. In English, they are sometimes referred to as the “two-case prepositions”.

The Wechselpräpositionen take an accusative article always when an action is indicated. To be more specific, they take an accusative article when there is a change of position or location. They also take an accusative article, When they are used together with the verbs “legen ( to lay , to put ), “stellen” ( to put ,to keep  ) “setzen”(to seat ),”stecken”(to insert ) “hängen” (to hang) For example:

Ich hänge das Bild an die wand.           ( I hang the picture on the wall )

Ich lege das Buch ins Regal.                 ( I put the book in the shelf )

Ich setze das kind auf das Bett.           ( I seat the child on the bed )

Ich stele die Flasche auf den Tisch.      ( I put the bottle on the table )

Ich  stecke den schlüssel ins schloß      ( I insert the key in the lock )

These prepositions also taken an accusative article with the verbs like “gehen,” “ kommen”, “fahren”,  “ fliegen”, etc., since these verbs also indicate a change of position or location.

Er geht ins Büro.

Wir fahren in die stadt.

The question for all prepositions taking the accusative will be “ wohin”. So,

Wohin hängen sie das Bild ?                                    Ich hänge das Bild an die wand.

Wohin legen sie das Buch ?                                      Ich lege das Buch ins Regal.

Wohin setzen sie das kind ?                                     Ich setze das kind auf das Bett.

Wohin stellen sie die flasche ?                                 Ich stele die flasche auf den Tisch.

Wohin stecken sie den schlüssel?                          Ich stecke den schlüssel ins schloß.

Wohin geht er ?                                                         Er geht ins Büro.

Wohin fahren sie ?                                                   Wir Fahren in die stadt.   

The Wechselpräpositionen take a dative article always when a position is being indicated. To

Be more specific, they take a dative article when a stationary position is being described.

There is no action or change of position in this case. They also take a dative article, when they

Are used together with the verbs “ liegen “ ( to lie ) , “ stehen” ( to stand ) “sitzen “ ( to sit ),

stecken” (to be inserted ) and “ hängen” ( to hang ) . for example :

Das Bild hängt an der Wand.                                    (The picture is hanging on the wall)

Das Buch liegt im Regal.                                           (The book is lying in the shelf)   

Das kind sitzt auf dem Bett.                                       (The child is sitting on the bed)

Die flasche steht auf dem Tisch.                                (The bottle is standing on the table)

Der Schlüssel steckt im schloß.                                  (The key is inserted in the lock)      

These prepositions also taken a dative article with the verbs like “sein “, “ bleiben “, etc., since

these verbs also describe a stationary position.

Er ist im Büro.       

Wir bleiben in der stadt.

The question for all prepositions taking the dative article will always be “wo”. So,

Wo hängt das Bild ?                             das Bild hängt an der Wand.

Wo liegt das Buch ?                             das Buch liegt im Regal.

Wo sitzt das kind ?                               das kind sitzt auf dem Bett.

Wo steht die flasche ?                         die flasche steht auf dem Tisch.

Wo steckt der schlüssel ?                    die schlüssel steckt im schloß.

Wo ist er ?                                              Er ist im Büro.

 Given below are some examples with all the Wechselpräpositionen:

Ich lege das Buch in die Tasche                                     das Buch liegt in der Tasche.

Er hängt die Uhr an die Wand                                        die Uhr hängt an der Wand.

Peter stellt die flasche auf den Tisch.                            die flasche steht auf dem Tisch.

Ich parke das Auto vor das Haus.                                  das Auto steht vor dem Haus.

Sie parkt das Auto hinter das Haus.                              das Auto steht hinter dem Haus.

Hängen sie die Lampe über den Tisch.                          die Lampe hängt über dem Tisch.

die katze setzt sie hunter das Bett.                                die  katze sitzt unter dem Bett.

Legen sie den kuli neben das Buch.                               der kuli liegt neben dem Buch.

Er stellt die Lampe zwischen das sofa und das bett.     die Lampe steht zwischen                                                                                                     dem sofa und dem Bett.                                                                                            

To summarize, always remember the following points regarding the Wechselpräpositionen :

  • The prepositions always take an accusative article, when

 

  • The verb indicate a change of position or location , and
  • when the question is “ wohin ?”

 

  • The prepositions always take a dative article , when

 

  • The verb indicates only a stationary position , and
  • When the question is “wo? “

 

  • The verbs “ legen “ and “ liegen “ refer to the horizontal position of an object. “ legen

Means to put something in a horizontal position and “liegen “means something is lying in a horizontal position. Hence, use these verbs only with the objects that are kept in a Horizontal position, such as book, pen, pencil, etc.

  • Similarly , the verbs “ stellen “ indicate a vertical position of an object. “ stellen

Means to place something in a vertical position and “stehen “means something is

Standing in a vertical position. Hence, use these verbs only with the object that are placed in a vertical position   e.g .Bottle, glass, table fan, etc.

 

  • The prepositions “an “and “vor “both indicate a vertical positioning of the objects.

an“ indicates  a vertical position with contact and “vor” indicates the position without

Contact.

 

  • Die Uhr hängt an der Wand. ( contact between the clock and the wall )
  • Die Lampe steht vor der wand. ( no contact between the lamp and the wall )

 

  • The prepositions “auf” and “über “ both indicate a horizontal positioning of the objects.

auf” indicates a horizontal position with contact and  “über” indicate the position Without contact.

 Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch . ( contact between the book and the table)

  • Die Lampe hängt über den Tisch. ( no contact between the lamp and

the Table)  

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